Ethbaal

The name Ethbaal, derived from the Hebrew 'Ethba'al (אֶתְבַּעַל), translates to 'with Baal,' signifying a connection to the Canaanite deity Baal. Linguistically, the name reflects the cultural and religious syncretism of the ancient Near East, where devotion to Baal was widespread among Phoenician and neighboring Semitic peoples. The name also appears in alternate forms such as Ithobaal, which is used in Greek and historical accounts. This etymology underscores the intertwining of political and religious identities in the region, particularly among rulers who bore names invoking divine favor or affiliation.

Ethbaal holds significant spiritual and cultural importance in biblical history, particularly due to his role as the father of Jezebel, the queen who married King Ahab of Israel. This marriage marked a period of intense Phoenician influence in Israel, introducing Baal worship into the Israelite kingdom—a practice strongly condemned by biblical prophets. Ethbaal’s Divine Proximity Index, rated at 70.3/100, reflects a moderate association with divine themes, though his connection is primarily through the opposing religious traditions of Baal worship rather than the worship of Yahweh. Conversely, his Jesus Circle Score of 94.1/100 highlights his indirect link to the story of Jesus through the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes the rejection of idolatry and the triumph of monotheism.

Ethbaal is specifically mentioned in 1 Kings 16:31, where his daughter Jezebel’s marriage to Ahab is noted as a pivotal event in Israel’s history. This verse places Ethbaal in the narrative as the king of the Sidonians, emphasizing his political stature and his role in fostering ties between Phoenicia and Israel. The biblical account critiques the consequences of this alliance, particularly the introduction of Baal worship, which led to significant religious and moral conflicts within Israel. Ethbaal’s presence in scripture is a reminder of the dangers of syncretism and the importance of faithfulness to Yahweh.