Orpah

The name Orpah originates from the Hebrew word עָרְפָּה (ʿOrpā), which is commonly interpreted to mean 'neck,' 'gazelle,' or 'fawn.' These meanings evoke imagery of grace, agility, and beauty, often associated with youthfulness and vitality. In biblical times, names were deeply symbolic, often reflecting personal characteristics or life circumstances, and Orpah's name likely carried connotations of elegance and a gentle spirit. The metaphorical connection to a gazelle or fawn also aligns with ancient Near Eastern cultural associations of such animals with swiftness and innocence.

Orpah is best known as a secondary figure in the Book of Ruth, where she is introduced as one of Naomi's daughters-in-law. Her decision to return to her homeland of Moab after the deaths of her husband Chilion and father-in-law Elimelech is often contrasted with Ruth's choice to stay with Naomi and follow her to Bethlehem. This divergence in paths has led to differing interpretations of Orpah's character. While her actions are sometimes viewed critically, they also reflect the practical concerns of survival and familial loyalty in ancient times. Her Divine Proximity Index of 70.3/100 indicates a moderate association with God in scripture, as her story involves pivotal moments of choice and faith, though she ultimately returns 'to her gods' in Moab (Ruth 1:15).

Orpah's story is found in the opening chapter of the Book of Ruth. She is one of two Moabite women who marry Naomi's sons, Mahlon and Chilion, during a famine that drives Naomi's family to Moab. When tragedy strikes, leaving all three women widowed, Naomi decides to return to Judah and urges her daughters-in-law to remain in Moab. Orpah initially sets out with Naomi but ultimately chooses to heed Naomi's advice and return to her people and her gods (Ruth 1:14-15).